Purpose
Why Orbits Matter for Wiring
Orbit determines thermal environment (eclipse duration), radiation (insulation degradation), and communication windows (antenna pointing). This simulation shows orbital parameters and Hohmann transfer maneuvers.
The Physics
Orbital Velocity
v = sqrt(mu/r), mu = 3.986e14 m^3/s^2
Period
T = 2*pi * sqrt(a^3/mu)
Hohmann Transfer (delta-v)
dv1 = v_transfer_perigee - v_circular_1
dv2 = v_circular_2 - v_transfer_apogee
Key Insight: A LEO satellite in 90-minute orbit spends ~35 minutes in eclipse every orbit. During eclipse: no solar power, battery only, thermal extremes. This drives the power bus design and wire thermal ratings.
Historical
Johannes Kepler (1571-1630)
20 years computing orbits from Tycho Brahe's data. Discovered elliptical orbits. Apollo 8 (1968): first humans in lunar orbit. Required precise orbital mechanics to get there and back.
References
Curtis, Orbital Mechanics for Engineering Students, Ch 1-4 | Bate/Mueller/White, Fundamentals of Astrodynamics